Which term describes contemporary western society as characterized by risk?

The term that accurately describes contemporary western society as characterized by risk is "risk society." This concept, introduced by sociologist Ulrich Beck, emphasizes the increasing prevalence of risk in modern life, especially due to the advancements in technology, globalization, and environmental changes. In a risk society, individuals are often faced with uncertainties and potential dangers that arise from various sources, including economic instability, environmental threats, and social changes. This awareness of risk profoundly impacts social relationships, public policy, and individual behavior, as people seek to navigate and mitigate these risks in their daily lives.

The other terms, while relevant to discussions of modern society, highlight different aspects. For example, a welfare society focuses on social safety nets and support systems for individuals, and a surveillance society pertains to the monitoring and tracking of individuals by authorities or corporations. An information society emphasizes the role of information technologies and the importance of data in shaping social interactions and economies. However, "risk society" specifically encapsulates the overarching theme of navigating uncertainties that defines much of contemporary life.