Media and Crime Practice Test

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• What term is used to describe the killing of one's entire family?
• Despite representing only 2% of the U.S. population, what demographic accounted for more than 15% of those killed by police?
• What cinematic character type has been fundamental from the early gangster films onward?
• Cultural criminology celebrates postmodern notions of:
• What is "cultural criminology"?
• In what ways does media coverage influence the judicial process?
• What role does sensationalism play in crime reporting?
• Which of the following best describes the relationship between media and crime?
• The deviancy amplification spiral starts with which element?
• How do historical contexts influence crime media narratives?
• All of the following are symbolic cultural representations that marginalize women and minorities except:
• What does the term "visual culture" refer to in the context of media studies?
• Which police department's motivational social media posts are cited as an example of failing to control its image?
• Who are identified as "psychosexual serial killers" in media discussions?
• Which social class are often portrayed as victims in narratives surrounding crime?
• What is the primary aim of social control through surveillance?
• What significant event prompted the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act in 2001?
• According to the authors, criminality is believed to be caused by which of the following?
• How does the media construct moral panics?
• In the context of media and crime, what is one common issue discussed in relation to representation?
• What is necessary to turn a potential news event into an actual story?
• In 2014, what percentage of known murder cases involved female offenders?
• What is a potential negative effect of sensational crime reporting?
• According to some authors, surveillance is directed toward achieving multiple objectives. Which of the following is an exception?
• What crime involves communications pretending to come from legitimate organizations to gain sensitive information?
• What distinguishes crime-related content on social media from traditional news reporting?
• What role do visual images play in crime and justice narratives?
• What is "user-generated content" and how does it impact crime narratives?
• "Familicide" - or "family annihilation" as it has been dubbed by the media, is usually carried out by?
• Which of the following are considered non-criminal or status offenses?
• What transformation has digital media brought to crime reporting?
• What is a common belief regarding the media's portrayal of crime?
• Which of the following is considered one of the most important news values?
• Which concept describes how media can shape the perception of crime in society?
• Ted Bundy's victims were mostly ___ and middle-class professionals.
• What is considered one of the most enduring genres in cinema?
• What aspect of media is often critiqued regarding its influence on public perception of crime?
• What is synopticism defined as?
• Which factor can influence the portrayal of crime in the media?
• What is a prevalent crime that has emerged particularly in West Africa targeting women in Europe and the US?
• Which of the following is considered to be a standard narrative used by the media to construct women who commit very serious crimes?
• Who is often characterized as the "folk devil" in contemporary society?
• What role do advocacy groups play in shaping media coverage of crime?
• What requirement do Chinese internet service providers have concerning registration?
• In discussions of surveillance, what metaphor has been dominant?
• What concept prioritizes certain stories over others in media reporting?
• Which type of media consumers typically exhibit the highest levels of fear of crime?
• What type of surveillance strategy focuses on anticipating and preventing crimes before they occur?
• True or False: Crime itself is frequently predictable.
• What underlying issue often leads to harsher penalties for women in the criminal justice system?
• What was the global internet penetration represented as in terms of growth since 2000?
• Which of the following best defines online dating schemes?
• What are the potential consequences of negative media stereotypes regarding specific demographics in crime reporting?
• What challenge do different media platforms face when covering crime?
• Why is the study of visual culture important in understanding crime in media?
• What has raised concerns about technologically proficient pedophiles grooming young victims?
• In the context of crime reporting, what does the term 'threshold' refer to?
• Which documentary genre is often perceived to offer transparency and honesty?
• How do media representations of crime affect public perception?
• What kind of societal reaction is often portrayed in the media following high-profile crimes?
• The courts are excessively punitive toward adult women who deviate from which of the following norms?
• How can ethnic bias in crime reporting affect relations between communities and law enforcement?
• Which news value allows news outlets to plan their coverage and allocate resources effectively?
• What effect does demographic profiling in media have on societal views?
• Which process occurs through symbolization, where names signify complex ideas and emotions?
• What is required for public outrage to be classified as a moral panic?
• What is the main impact of media representation on crime and criminals?
• In what way does framing affect the perception of crime in media?
• In crime films, how are women's roles generally depicted?
• What is the concept of "moral panic" in relation to media and crime?
• What is the main focus of media influence on crime?
• What notion does public resistance question in the context of "deviants"?
• Feminist criminological perspectives emerged primarily in which decade?
• Why is examining crime coverage significant in media studies?
• Women are often perceived in media as being unlikely to do which of the following?
• How does race-based representation in crime media affect community perceptions?
• What does the electric supervisor provide to workers according to support from the workplace?
• What narrative style does film noir typically employ?
• The __ is another figure of monstrosity invoked in narratives about female killers.
• What is true about ALPR (Automatic License Plate Recognition) units?
• Effects research primarily investigates the relationship between media exposure and:
• What role does hyperrealism play in the depiction of crime in contemporary media?
• What are "crime waves" as discussed in media contexts?
• What event is considered the most compelling postmodern media "performance" according to the authors?
• From a Marxist viewpoint, how is crime conceptualized?
• Which aspect of policing is often influenced by cultural narratives about crime?
• What factor significantly influences the scrutiny of women committing very serious offenses?
• When do most scholars believe the transition from childhood to adulthood occurs?
• Which of the following crimes was still prevalent 25 years ago?
• Which group is typically not seen as contemporary moral crusaders?
• Which of the following describes the growth in global internet usage since 2000?
• What is the "CSI Effect"?
• How does the portrayal of crime differ in video games compared to traditional media?
• Which of the following concepts refers to the way names can simplify complex ideas?
• Are parents considered intellectual property?
• Is there a correlation between media coverage of crime and crime rates?
• Which technology has become essential in law enforcement for tracking vehicles?
• According to Foucault, what does panoptic surveillance primarily target?
• How is the police image typically perceived in various cultural and historical contexts?
• What do critics suggest is lacking in the mainstream media's depiction of crime?
• Which type of crime is characterized by malicious software, denial of service attacks, and defacement?
• According to studies, who tends to overestimate the proportion of crimes solved?
• What term describes the perception that law enforcement exists solely to maintain order?
• How does the narrative structure of a crime story influence audience engagement?
• What word describes the spatial and cultural dynamics in news reporting?
• What are common artifacts related to police trophy shots that serve as powerful symbols?
• What is a social outcome of labeling individuals as "moral enemies"?
• Which term refers specifically to the phenomena of society excessively reacting to perceived threats?
• Prior to the internet, how did police agencies traditionally interact with the public?
• What is the effect of "infotainment" on the public’s understanding of crime?
• Anxieties about media effects have traditionally taken all of the following forms except:
• How can the portrayal of mental illness in media crime stories contribute to stigma?
• What is a common misconception regarding women and violent crime?
• Can DNA be cloned for forensic purposes?
• Which country has become associated with significant cybercrime activity?
• Who are typically the most subject to surveillance?
• Which term describes contemporary western society as characterized by risk?
• Support for broad social and economic approaches to crime control is notably higher among which group?
• In a survey, what percentage of respondents believed that addressing social and economic inequalities is a better approach than increasing police presence?
• According to the text, how do serious offenses by men relate to societal laws?
• In general, how are men who commit serious offenses viewed in relation to laws?
• In what ways does globalization affect media representations of crime?
• How is Edward Snowden viewed by the government versus some segments of the public?
• What does the term cybercrime encompass?
• How does crime coverage typically differ among various media platforms?
• What does the "social construction of crime" refer to in media?
• What is "negativity bias" in crime news?
• What program did the NSA use to collect data from citizens’ online activities?
• Which film genre is primarily focused on masculine and professional criminality, often pursuing 'one last big score'?
• What term is used to describe the individuals within cultural groups who are labeled as 'enemies'?
• What psychological effects can consuming violent crime media have on viewers?
• Mass society theorists believe individuals felt vulnerable due to all events except:
• What is sometimes referred to as the hypodermic syringe model in effects research?
• What theme is central to the portrayal of women in severe crimes according to the material?
• What type of communication is central to framing in media studies?
• The portrayal of crime in the media is often affected by what?
• Which statement reflects the general societal opinion about crime and punishment?
• How can historical crime media impact present criminal justice policies?
• Who developed the concept of the panopticon?
• What concept signifies the pervasive nature of surveillance in modern society?
• What does positivism consider about the world?
• What was the effectiveness of the "milk carton kids" campaign in finding missing children?
• In recent years, the police have sought to create a positive image through media by emphasizing what impression?
• Which group showed significant support for addressing root social issues related to crime?
• Which statement reflects the influence of mass media based on HG Wells' broadcast?
• Which of the following reflects a consequence of high-profile crime media coverage?
• In the 1990s, what percentage of the UK's crime prevention budget was allocated to CCTV technologies?
• How do local news stations often shape community perceptions of crime?
• What is one significant impact of social networking sites on communication for young people?
• How do audience expectations shape the reporting of crime across different media?
• Which segment of the population is often disproportionately affected by media narratives about crime?
• What does the 'thin blue line' concept suggest about police officers?
• What does the term "criminalization of communities" refer to in media studies?
• How does the framing of crime stories influence viewer interpretations?
• Before the emergence of positivism, which theoretical perspective dominated ideas about crime and punishment?
• When did the term "serial killer" gain its current cultural meaning?
• In media portrayals, how are women often represented in comparison to crime statistics?
• How do public service announcements (PSAs) contribute to understanding crime and safety?
• What does the term "media literacy" primarily refer to?
• Risk society often involves which of the following elements?
• What aspect of media can significantly alter the public's perception of crime?
• The "first female serial killer" Aileen Wuornos was convicted by the state of?
• Which of the following statements aligns with classical criminological theories regarding crime?
• How do crime dramas and documentaries differ in their representation of crime?
• The uniform crime reports are published annually by which organization?
• What effect do media portrayals of crime often have on public perceptions?
• In discussions of crime, which group is often highlighted due to their societal portrayal?
• Which of the following is not considered to be a standard narrative used by the media to construct women who commit very serious crimes?
• How have societal views on surveillance changed over time according to the provided insights?
• Critics argue that media portrayal of crime may lead to which of the following perceptions?
• How does the 24-hour news cycle specifically affect crime reporting?
• How does social media primarily impact real-time crime reporting?
• What is one major critique of the relationship between crime media and public sentiment?
• How many secret files about the NSA's practices did Edward Snowden allegedly download?
• What advantage do developed countries gain from increased access to knowledge through the internet?
• What impact does reality television have on public perceptions of crime?
• Which of the following is not considered a type of cybercrime?
• In which decade did the concept of 'shock incarceration' originate?
• What theory suggests that media coverage amplifies public fear of crime?
• What term is often used to encapsulate the variety of crimes occurring on the internet?
• All of the following are considered to be standard narratives used by the media to construct women who commit very serious crimes except:
• Deviance is synonymous with which of the following terms?
• According to societal beliefs, punishment should be tailored to which aspect?
• Framing in the context of media is considered what type of process?
• What term refers to an exaggerated fear that media depictions may incite real-world violence?
• Which of the following theories suggests that the media serves the interests of the ruling bourgeois elite?
• How are women generally perceived in the context of crime according to the provided content?
• Whom are seen as the number one demons concerning children's safety?
• What role do public perceptions play in political agendas regarding crime?
• What is a critical role of ethics in crime reporting?
• From a historical perspective, which films have consistently portrayed the "tough guy" persona?
• What is 'priming' in the context of media influence on crime perceptions?
• Which action is characterized by inducing internet users to surrender sensitive financial information?
• What is a significant issue related to "factual inaccuracies" in crime news?
• What film genre often reflects a struggle with femininity and masculinity?
• The academic study of media effects is also known as:
• Which statement accurately depicts the modern media's portrayal of crime?
• What metaphor does HG Wells' War of the Worlds represent regarding mass media's influence?
• What is often resisted in official attempts regarding "deviants"?
• What effect does crime-related advertising have on public perceptions of safety?
• What role do surveillance systems play in crime control?
• Which factor is commonly believed to be a reason for heightened fear of crime among media consumers?
• What role does the government play in media portrayals of crime?
• How is criminal behavior often framed within dominant media narratives?
• Children and adolescents are often portrayed in media as which of the following?
• What legislation exists in every U.S. state regarding bullying?
• What combination of forces has resulted in young people experiencing extended infantilization?
• Which elements are said to make up a carceral society?
• How does the portrayal of white-collar crime typically differ from street crime?
• What is an important factor in determining the newsworthiness of an event?
• Which of the following was not identified as a form of invasion of privacy?
• Marxist-inspired critical criminologists argue that which group does NOT set the agenda for public debate about crime?
• Which of the following is a significant concern regarding the influence of mass media?
• What is "representation" in media studies and its importance to crime narratives?
• In what way can high-profile crime cases affect societal perceptions?
• What stereotype is often applied to women who commit serious crimes in media representations?
• When casual associations are made with crime, what type of social classification is typically constructed?
• Which theory argues that media representations reflect the interests of powerful social groups?
• How is the media more accurately described in terms of representation?
• How can celebrity crime stories influence public perceptions of justice?
• What are some ethical considerations in reporting crime stories?
• According to UCR reports, what does a small segment of the US public believe about crime trends?
• Which activity is involved in denial of service attacks?
• What is a common form of electronic reproduction of data?
• Cesare Lombroso is known for studying the bodies of which type of individuals?
• Who is generally not considered a moral crusader in contemporary society?
• In 2014, the state of ___ amended its criminal code to recognize the "viable fetus of a human being."
• How can the portrayal of law enforcement in crime media affect public trust?
• Which of the following is NOT typically monitored by surveillance systems?
• Labeling pedophiles as "enemies within" serves what purpose for cultural groups?
• Which narrative does not commonly appear in discussions about female criminals?
• How can media literacy impact viewers' interpretation of crime stories?
• Pluralists argue that which processes have removed the media from state regulation and censorship?
• What is one benefit of analyzing crime coverage in media?
• What can contribute to convicted criminals becoming media "celebrities"?
• How might societal notions of justice be skewed by media representation?
• How does crime media typically influence the perception of juvenile offenders?